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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

Desensitization in interferon-beta1a allergy: a case report.

Ayse Fusun Kalpaklioglu¹, Ayse Baccioglu Kavut, Ali Kemal Erdemoglu

¹Department of Allergic Diseases, Kirikkale University, Pak Sokak No. 3/100, Portakal Cicegi Sokak, Cankaya, Ankara TR-06690, Turkey. afusunk@yahoo.com

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology

|January 8, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) developed allergic reactions to interferon beta-1a (IFN-beta1a). Successful desensitization enabled continued IFN-beta treatment, a key therapy for MS.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Neurology
Pharmacology

Background:

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) therapies, including IFN-beta1a, are common treatments for managing MS.
Adverse reactions to medications can complicate treatment adherence and efficacy.

Observation:

A 41-year-old female patient with MS experienced non-injection-site urticaria and angioedema.
These allergic reactions were attributed to treatment with interferon beta-1a (IFN-beta1a).

Findings:

The patient underwent a successful desensitization protocol for IFN-beta1a.
This desensitization procedure allowed for the continuation of IFN-beta therapy.

Implications:

Successful desensitization to IFN-beta1a offers a viable option for MS patients experiencing hypersensitivity reactions.
This approach may improve treatment adherence and long-term management of multiple sclerosis.
Further research into desensitization protocols for immunomodulatory therapies is warranted.