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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
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Effect of Microplastic Inhalation on Allergic and Nonallergic Rhinitis.

Yesim Itmec1, Aysegul Tuna2, Ayse Fusun Kalpaklioglu1

  • 1Department of Allergy and Immunology, Kirikkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey.

American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
|July 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microplastics are found in higher concentrations in the nasal lavage fluid of individuals with allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) compared to healthy controls. This suggests microplastics may contribute to upper airway inflammation in rhinitis patients.

Keywords:
allergic diseaseallergic rhinitisepithelial barriermicroplasticsnasal lavagenonallergic rhinitis

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Otolaryngology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Microplastics are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with known adverse health effects.
  • The specific impact of microplastics on rhinitis, a common inflammatory nasal condition, remains under-investigated.
  • Inhaled airborne microplastics can exert toxic effects on respiratory cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and density of microplastics in nasal lavage fluid (NLF).
  • To compare microplastic levels in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) against a control group.
  • To explore the association between microplastic density and rhinitis symptoms, such as sneezing.

Main Methods:

  • Nasal lavage fluid (NLF) samples were collected from 90 participants (30 AR, 30 NAR, 30 controls).
  • Microplastic quantification was performed using stereomicroscopy after sample filtration.
  • Demographic data, allergy status, and symptom scores were recorded for all participants.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher microplastic density was observed in NLF of all rhinitis patients (3.10 particles/mL) compared to controls (1.18 particles/mL) (P < .001).
  • No significant difference in microplastic density was found between AR and NAR groups.
  • Microplastic density was higher in younger age groups and correlated with an increased likelihood of sneezing (OR = 2.20, P = .04).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated microplastic levels in nasal lavage fluid are associated with rhinitis, irrespective of allergic status.
  • Quantifiable microplastic concentrations were detected even in the control group, indicating widespread exposure.
  • These findings support the hypothesis that microplastics contribute to inflammation in the upper airways.