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Updated: Jun 26, 2026
10:26
Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
Current knowledge related to intelligence and thinking with implications for the development and use of case studies
1Department of Nursing, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY, USA. lunney@mail.csi.cuny.edu
Summary
Nurses require critical thinking and metacognition to provide quality care. Case studies and simulations are essential for developing expertise in nursing diagnosis, outcomes, and interventions.
Area of Science:
- Nursing
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- High-quality nursing care relies on critical thinking.
- Effective nursing practice integrates nursing diagnosis, health outcomes, and nursing interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on intelligence and thinking.
- To relate cognitive processes to nursing practice, including diagnosis, outcomes, and interventions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of relevant sources.
- Synthesis of knowledge on critical thinking and metacognition in nursing.
Main Results:
- Critical thinking is essential for high-quality nursing care.
- Metacognition, combined with subject knowledge and practice, enhances expertise.
- Case studies offer a practical method to develop nurses' expertise in clinical decision-making.
Conclusions:
- Simulations of clinical cases are necessary to apply nursing knowledge.
- The International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications will disseminate case studies to promote the use of nursing languages and classifications.
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