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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Chromosome Duplication02:05

Chromosome Duplication

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

Chromatid recommensuration after segmental duplication.

Mark N Jabbour1

  • 1Department of Pathology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. mark.jabbour@aub.edu.lb

Theoretical Biology & Medical Modelling
|January 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatid arm duplication can lead to unequal segment lengths and deletions. These complex dynamics may influence smaller subunit duplications in cancer genomes.

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Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales
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Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales

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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales
10:15

Capturing Chromosome Conformation Across Length Scales

Published on: January 20, 2023

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Midsegment duplication of chromatid arms can occur symmetrically or asymmetrically.
  • Duplication events may result in a disproportional chromatid ratio (RC) with loss of duplicated units and deletion of distal segments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss mechanisms that restore chromatid alignment after duplication events.
  • To analyze potential failures in these mechanisms, considering statistical and scalability aspects.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical discussion of topological shifts and recommensuration mechanics.
  • Statistical analysis of potential failure points in duplication processes.

Main Results:

  • Every duplication event is hypothesized to result in an unequal chromatid ratio.
  • Failures in recommensuration mechanics are analyzed in terms of their statistical likelihood and scalability.

Conclusions:

  • The non-linear dynamics of these duplication processes are potentially relevant to smaller subunit duplications.
  • Specific relevance is noted for telomeric unit duplications within malignant genomes.