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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction
09:13

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Published on: April 1, 2017

Periodic metallo-dielectric structure in diamond.

M Shimizu1, Y Shimotsuma, M Sakakura

  • 1Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan.

Optics Express
|January 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intense ultrashort light pulses transform diamond into conductive amorphous structures. These laser-processed periodic structures exhibit unique terahertz transmission properties, acting as metallo-dielectric photonic crystals.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics and Photonics
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Diamond, a wide-bandgap insulator, exhibits unique properties.
  • Ultrashort laser pulses offer precise material modification capabilities.
  • Controlling material properties through laser-induced phase transitions is an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the localized phase transformation of diamond using intense ultrashort light pulses.
  • To characterize the electrical conductivity of laser-induced amorphous structures in diamond.
  • To explore the terahertz transmission properties of laser-fabricated periodic structures in diamond.

Main Methods:

  • Inducing localized phase transformation in diamond with intense ultrashort light pulses.
  • Measuring electrical conductivity of photoinduced amorphous diamond structures.
  • Fabricating periodic cylinder arrays on diamond surfaces using laser processing.
  • Characterizing terahertz transmission properties of the fabricated structures.

Main Results:

  • Achieved localized sp(3) to sp(2) phase transition in diamond, creating conductive amorphous structures up to 64 S/m.
  • Demonstrated that laser fluence and scanning speed influence electrical conductivity via recrystallization and multi-filamentation.
  • Observed characteristic terahertz transmission properties in laser-processed diamond with periodic cylinder arrays.
  • Validated experimental results with theoretical calculations for the photonic crystal behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrashort laser pulses enable controlled phase transformation and conductivity tuning in diamond.
  • Laser-fabricated periodic structures in diamond function as effective metallo-dielectric photonic crystals.
  • The study opens avenues for novel optical and electronic applications of modified diamond.