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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

[A clinical study on gestational transient thyrotoxicosis].

Bin-hong Wen1, Wei-ping Teng, Zhong-yan Shan

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.

Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi
|January 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational transient thyrotoxicosis (GTT) affects 7.86% of first-trimester pregnancies and is the primary cause of thyrotoxicosis during this period. Elevated human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels correlate with GTT severity, often presenting with high free T3 (FT3) levels.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Obstetrics

Context:

  • Thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy requires careful management.
  • Gestational transient thyrotoxicosis (GTT) is a common cause of hyperthyroidism in early pregnancy.
  • Understanding the prevalence and etiology of GTT is crucial for maternal and fetal health.

Purpose:

  • To determine the prevalence of gestational transient thyrotoxicosis (GTT) in the first trimester.
  • To identify the primary causes of thyrotoxicosis during early pregnancy.
  • To investigate the relationship between human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels and GTT.

Summary:

  • A survey of 534 pregnant women revealed a 9.75% prevalence of thyrotoxicosis, with GTT accounting for 7.86% (80.77% of cases).
  • Overt GTT predominantly showed elevated free T3 (FT3) levels.
  • Increasing serum hCG levels correlated with increased GTT prevalence and severity, negatively impacting TSH and positively impacting FT3.

Impact:

  • Establishes GTT as the leading cause of first-trimester thyrotoxicosis.
  • Highlights the diagnostic significance of FT3 levels in overt GTT.
  • Provides evidence for hCG as a marker for GTT severity, aiding in clinical assessment and management.