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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections with a...
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...
Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
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Published on: February 1, 2016

ESCRTing membrane deformation.

Lene Malerød1, Harald Stenmark

  • 1Centre of Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.

Cell
|January 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The ESCRT-III complex drives membrane budding for cell division and viral release. Saksena et al. reveal the step-by-step assembly and disassembly of ESCRT-III subunits during membrane remodeling in vitro.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular mechanisms of membrane dynamics

Background:

  • The ESCRT-III complex is crucial for membrane remodeling events, including endosome sorting, cytokinesis, and viral egress.
  • Understanding the dynamic behavior of ESCRT-III subunits is key to elucidating these fundamental cellular processes.

Discussion:

  • Saksena et al. employed a sophisticated fluorescence-based assay to visualize ESCRT-III subunit dynamics.
  • The study dissects the sequential activation, recruitment, and disassembly of ESCRT-III components in vitro.

Key Insights:

  • The research provides a detailed temporal map of ESCRT-III complex formation and breakdown.
  • This work clarifies the subunit choreography essential for membrane involution.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into ESCRT-III dynamics could reveal therapeutic targets for viral infections and cancer.
  • The in vitro system offers a platform for dissecting ESCRT-III function in various membrane remodeling contexts.