Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Panoramic single-aperture multi-sensor light field camera.

Optics express·2019

Same author

Image restoration in fiber-coupled imagers using space-variant impulse response characterization.

Applied optics·2017

Same author

Folded monocentric imager with deformable mirror focus.

Applied optics·2017

Same author

Angle-invariant imaging using a total internal reflection virtual aperture.

Applied optics·2016

Same author

Efficient analysis of deep high-index-contrast gratings under arbitrary illumination.

Optics express·2016

Same author

Analysis and characterization of high-resolution and high-aspect-ratio imaging fiber bundles.

Applied optics·2015

Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026

Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

Ultrathin four-reflection imager.

Eric J Tremblay¹, Ronald A Stack, Rick L Morrison

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. etremblay@ucsd.edu

|January 13, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed an ultrathin four-reflection imager with a compact 5.5 mm track length. This novel optical design extends depth of field and corrects chromatic aberration for enhanced imaging performance.

More Related Videos

$Femtosecond Laser Filaments for Use in Sub-Diffraction-Limited Imaging and Remote Sensing$

Femtosecond Laser Filaments for Use in Sub-Diffraction-Limited Imaging and Remote Sensing

Published on: April 25, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

$Femtosecond Laser Filaments for Use in Sub-Diffraction-Limited Imaging and Remote Sensing$

Femtosecond Laser Filaments for Use in Sub-Diffraction-Limited Imaging and Remote Sensing

Published on: April 25, 2019

Area of Science:

Optical Engineering
Image Sensor Technology
Compact Imaging Systems

Background:

Traditional imagers face limitations in size and depth of field.
Miniaturization is crucial for portable and integrated imaging applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and demonstrate an ultrathin four-reflection imager.
To improve the depth of field and chromatic aberration of the imager.

Main Methods:

Utilized a four-reflection optical design for miniaturization.
Implemented pupil-phase encoding and postprocessing techniques.
Integrated a 1.92-megapixel color image sensor with 3-microm pixels.

Main Results:

Achieved a focal length of 18.6 mm within a 5.5 mm track length.
Demonstrated a 17-degree field of view.
Successfully extended depth of field and compensated axial chromatic aberration.

Conclusions:

The ultrathin four-reflection imager offers a compact solution for high-resolution imaging.
Pupil-phase encoding is effective for enhancing the performance of compact imagers.