Clinical evaluation of the peripheral vasculature

Cardiologists are becoming more interested in peripheral arterial disease with the development of sophisticated noninvasive diagnostic techniques and invasive therapeutic modalities for the symptomatic patient. The clinical diagnosis of occlusive arterial disease, which is predominantly atherosclerosis, is relatively easy and a clue to the possibility of coexistent underlying coronary disease or cerebrovascular disease or both. Occlusive arterial disease of the lower extremities is more prevalent in men than in women. Nevertheless, the lifestyle of women is increasingly similar to that of men, especially with regard to smoking and diet. Therefore, the role of primary prevention remains the cornerstone of treatment.