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Pulmonary embolism in the elderly.

J Hirsh1

  • 1Hamilton Civic Hospitals Research Centre, Ontario, Canada.

Cardiology Clinics
|August 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary embolism risk rises with age, influenced by immobility, surgery, and reduced blood clot breakdown. Early diagnosis and available treatments improve outcomes for elderly patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) risk significantly increases in the elderly population.
  • Age-related factors like venous stasis, reduced venous tone, and decreased fibrinolytic activity contribute to higher PE incidence.
  • The need for surgical procedures, especially orthopedic surgeries of the hip and knee, further elevates risk in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the risk factors, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies for pulmonary embolism in the elderly.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing age-specific risk factors for PE.
  • To discuss the current diagnostic modalities and available treatment options for PE in geriatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pulmonary embolism in the elderly.

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  • Analysis of risk factors including age, immobility, surgical interventions, and venous function.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic approaches such as clinical probability, lung scans, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) investigations, and pulmonary angiography.
  • Assessment of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • The elderly are at increased risk due to factors like immobility-induced stasis, decreased venous tone, and reduced fibrinolysis.
    • Orthopedic procedures, particularly hip and knee surgeries, are significant risk factors in this demographic.
    • Diagnosing PE in the elderly is challenging, relying on a combination of clinical assessment, imaging, and specific tests.
    • Effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions are available.

    Conclusions:

    • Pulmonary embolism poses a significant and increasing threat to the elderly population.
    • A multi-faceted diagnostic approach is crucial for timely PE diagnosis in older adults.
    • The availability of effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures offers improved management and outcomes for elderly PE patients.