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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Destabilization of Microtubules01:45

Destabilization of Microtubules

The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...
Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated assembly and...

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Manipulation and Analysis of Cell Cycle-Dependent Processes in Budding Yeast
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TAp73 regulates the spindle assembly checkpoint by modulating BubR1 activity.

Richard Tomasini1, Katsuya Tsuchihara, Chiharu Tsuda

  • 1The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The tumor suppressor TAp73 is crucial for genomic stability and fertility. Its loss disrupts the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), leading to mitotic arrest defects and increased tumor incidence.

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Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cancer research
  • Cell cycle regulation

Background:

  • The function of p73 isoforms in cancer has been debated.
  • TAp73-deficient mice exhibit spontaneous tumors and oocyte abnormalities, suggesting a role in genomic stability and meiosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TAp73 in maintaining genomic stability.
  • To explore the connection between TAp73, meiosis, and mitosis.
  • To determine if TAp73 interacts with the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) complex.

Main Methods:

  • Generation and analysis of TAp73-deficient mice.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation assays to detect protein interactions.
  • Immunofluorescence to assess protein localization.
  • Analysis of patient lung cancer samples.

Main Results:

  • TAp73(-/-) mice develop spontaneous tumors and have oocyte spindle abnormalities.
  • TAp73 directly interacts with SAC components Bub1, Bub3, and BubR1.
  • TAp73 influences SAC protein localization and activity.
  • Reduced TAp73 expression correlates with increased SAC protein levels in lung cancer patients.

Conclusions:

  • TAp73 acts as a regulator of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC).
  • Loss of TAp73 impairs SAC function, leading to mitotic arrest defects.
  • TAp73 deficiency contributes to genomic instability and aneuploidy.