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Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia

Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia

The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk...

Sympathetic Division of the ANS

Sympathetic Division of the ANS

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a crucial role in preparing the body for stress, physical activity, and increased energy demands. This division activates the "fight-or-flight" response, enabling individuals to respond effectively to challenging situations.
Originating in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord segments, the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division exit the spinal cord through the white ramus communicans. They then enter the sympathetic...

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
The nerve is a bundle of axons that serves as the communication highway in the PNS. Each nerve is ensheathed in a protective layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. This outermost layer safeguards the nerve and supports the...

The Sympathetic Nervous System

The Sympathetic Nervous System

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas

Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas

Published on: July 20, 2014

Sympathetic chain Schwannoma.

Faisal M Al-Mashat¹

¹Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, PO Box 143, Jeddah 21411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. falmashat@yahoo.com

Saudi Medical Journal

|January 14, 2009

Summary

A rare cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma presented as an asymptomatic neck mass with Horner syndrome. Complete surgical excision was successful, with the patient remaining tumor-free post-operation.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Neurology
Pathology

Background:

Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors, typically slow-growing.
Schwannomas originating from the cervical sympathetic chain are exceptionally rare clinical occurrences.

Observation:

A 70-year-old male presented with an asymptomatic neck mass and left-sided Horner syndrome.
Imaging revealed a well-defined mass displacing the common carotid artery, originating from the sympathetic chain.

Findings:

Complete surgical excision of the cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma was achieved.
Pathological analysis confirmed the tumor as a Schwannoma, exhibiting Antoni type A and B patterns.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering rare tumors in the differential diagnosis of neck masses.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas

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Successful surgical management of cervical sympathetic chain schwannomas can lead to favorable outcomes, despite potential persistent neurological deficits.