[Comparative analysis of the effects of estrogens and tamoxifen on the brain higher functions]

At present, it is commonly accepted that estrogens modulate both cognitive and psycho-emotional status. Induced or natural hypoestrogeny is frequently accompanied by a complex of pathological states including suppressed state, anxiety, and weeping, sometimes with the development of depression. It is established that a substituting hormonal therapy in some cases favors restoration of the cognitive function and provides correction of affective disorders. Unfortunately, this therapy is accompanied by side effects and has some counterindications, which restricts its use in clinical practice. For this reason, it is of interest to try alternative agonists/antagonists of estrogen receptors possessing selective activity with respect to estrogen-sensitive tissues (including CNS), but these agents are still insufficiently studied. The given review describes the effect of estrogens on the brain functions, considers the mechanisms of action, and analyzes undesired side effects accompanying long-term administration. In particular, the results obtained in recent years concerning the effect of tamoxifen on the brain functions are summarized.