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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): Overview01:11

Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): Overview

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates compounds based on their polarity. TLC typically uses polar silica gel, a form of silicon dioxide, as the stationary phase. The silica gel contains hydroxyl (OH) groups on its surface, which form hydrogen bonds with polar compounds, influencing their adhesion to the stationary phase.
To begin the analysis, a mixture of compounds is spotted on the starting line on the TLC plate using a thin capillary. The bottom of the...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte properties and...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I01:21

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
TCD is the earliest and most widely used detector that operates by measuring the changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas. When a sample compound enters the detector,...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems
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Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems

Published on: September 23, 2021

Low thermal mass liquid chromatography.

Binghe Gu1, Hernan Cortes, Jim Luong

  • 1The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|January 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces low thermal mass liquid chromatography (LTMLC), a novel technique enabling rapid heating and cooling for enhanced separations. LTMLC offers precise temperature control, improving resolution and enabling ultrafast, reproducible chromatographic analyses.

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Preparation of Human Tissues Embedded in Optimal Cutting Temperature Compound for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Preparation of Human Tissues Embedded in Optimal Cutting Temperature Compound for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

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Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems
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Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)
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Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)

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Preparation of Human Tissues Embedded in Optimal Cutting Temperature Compound for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
09:09

Preparation of Human Tissues Embedded in Optimal Cutting Temperature Compound for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: April 27, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Traditional liquid chromatography methods face limitations in separation speed and efficiency.
  • Precise control over mobile phase temperature is crucial for optimizing chromatographic performance.
  • Rapid temperature changes can significantly impact analyte interactions and separation selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and characterize a novel low thermal mass liquid chromatography (LTMLC) technique.
  • To investigate the impact of rapid heating and cooling rates on chromatographic separations.
  • To evaluate the performance of LTMLC for analyzing diverse analyte mixtures, including bases.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a low thermal mass (LTM) assembly for rapid temperature control (up to 1800°C/min heating, 200°C/min cooling).
  • Utilized packed microcolumns (<0.5 mm i.d.) for efficient heat transfer.
  • Systematic investigation using isocratic and gradient elution with isothermal, temperature-increasing, and temperature-decreasing gradients.
  • Analysis of model mixtures containing neutral, acidic, and basic analytes.

Main Results:

  • LTMLC demonstrated reliable temperature control with linear van't Hoff plots for neutral and acidic compounds.
  • Nonlinear van't Hoff plots for basic analytes indicated significant selectivity changes with temperature.
  • Column efficiency initially increased with temperature (25-75°C) due to reduced mass transfer, then decreased (75-150°C) due to longitudinal diffusion.
  • Resolution and selectivity decreased for neutral/acidic compounds at elevated temperatures, but improved for bases with combined temperature and solvent programming.
  • Demonstrated reproducible ultrafast separations and the capability for oscillated temperature programming.

Conclusions:

  • LTMLC offers unprecedented temperature control for liquid chromatography, enabling enhanced separation performance.
  • The technique effectively separates complex mixtures, including challenging basic analytes, by precise temperature manipulation.
  • LTMLC holds significant potential for achieving fast, ultrafast, and highly reproducible chromatographic separations.