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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

Muscles that Move the Leg

Muscles that Move the Leg

The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed to...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

External Anatomy of the Kidney

External Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

Published on: February 25, 2022

'My knee is swollen'.

Simon Burnet¹, Patrick J Phillips

¹Department of Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia.

Australian Family Physician

|January 15, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A patient experienced worsening knee swelling and severe pain, leading to an inability to work. This indicates a significant and acute musculoskeletal issue requiring medical attention.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

Published on: February 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Rheumatology
Sports Medicine

Background:

Acute knee pain and swelling can significantly impact daily activities and work.
Prompt diagnosis is crucial for effective management of knee injuries.

Observation:

The patient reported a rapid onset of severe knee swelling, described as 'like a balloon'.
Intense knee pain accompanied the swelling, hindering the patient's ability to perform work-related tasks.

Findings:

The described symptoms suggest a potential acute inflammatory process or injury within the knee joint.
Differential diagnoses may include traumatic injury, infection, or a flare-up of underlying arthritic conditions.

Implications:

Immediate medical evaluation is necessary to determine the cause of the acute knee symptoms.
Timely intervention can prevent long-term complications and facilitate a return to work and daily activities.