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Partition coefficient measurements in picoliter drops using a segmented flow microfluidic device.

Nathan A Marine¹, Steven A Klein, Jonathan D Posner

¹Mechanical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106, USA.

Analytical Chemistry

|January 16, 2009

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This study introduces a rapid microfluidic technique for measuring the octanol-water partition coefficient using thousands of picoliter drops. This method accelerates compound analysis for drug development and environmental testing.

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Biotechnology

Background:

The octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) is crucial for assessing compound lipophilicity, impacting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties.
Traditional methods for Kow determination, like the shake-flask method, are time-consuming and require significant sample volumes.
High-throughput screening methods are needed to accelerate the evaluation of numerous compounds in various scientific disciplines.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a rapid microfluidic method for measuring the octanol-water partition coefficient.
To enable high-throughput analysis of compound partitioning in picoliter droplets.
To assess the utility of microfluidic partitioning for studying molecules and particles under non-equilibrium conditions.

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Main Methods:

Utilized a T-junction microfluidic chip to generate monodisperse picoliter water-in-oil droplets containing fluorescein.
Employed epifluorescence microscopy to quantify fluorescein concentration in individual droplets.
Measured the partition coefficient as a function of pH to validate the method against established techniques.

Main Results:

Achieved equilibrium partitioning of fluorescein in less than 2 seconds within individual picoliter drops.
Demonstrated that microfluidic measurements of the partition coefficient correlate well with traditional shake-flask method results.
Showcased the capability to analyze thousands of compounds simultaneously, providing detailed statistical data.

Conclusions:

The microfluidic approach offers a rapid, statistically robust, and parallelizable alternative for determining the octanol-water partition coefficient.
This technology is applicable to drug discovery, environmental analysis, and combinatorial chemistry, especially when dealing with limited sample quantities.
Microfluidic partitioning in picoliter drops facilitates the study of dynamic molecular behaviors and non-equilibrium states.