Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
08:47

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

Determination of parameters related to nasal inspiratory pressures in children utilizing valved-holding chambers

Rita Krumenauer1, Sérgio Luis Amantéa, José Faibes Lubianca Neto

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Santo Antonio Children's Hospital, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Brazil. ritak@cpovo.net

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|January 17, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Children aged 4-9 can effectively open valved spacers using only nasal inhalation. The ACE holding chamber spacer demonstrated superior performance in opening its inspiratory valve for nasal drug delivery.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Medical Device Engineering

Background:

  • Nasal drug delivery offers a potential alternative for treating allergic rhinitis and asthma concurrently.
  • Valved spacers are commonly used in inhalation therapy, but their efficacy with nasal-only inhalation in children is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if children (aged 4-9) can open the inspiratory valve of valved spacers using solely nasal inhalation.
  • To compare the performance of different valved spacers in pediatric nasal inhalation.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, cross-sectional study involving 85 children aged 4-9 years.
  • Four types of valved spacers, connected to a digital vacuum manometer, were tested.
  • Inspiratory pressures and time to valve opening were measured during nasal inhalation; results were analyzed against patient variables.

Main Results:

  • The inspiratory valve opened in 98.8% of tests using nasal inhalation across two spacers.
  • The ACE holding chamber spacer exhibited significantly higher initial and maximal inspiratory pressures compared to other spacers (p<0.001).
  • No significant correlation was found between spacer performance and patient demographics or health status.

Conclusions:

  • Children aged 4-9 can successfully operate valved spacers via nasal inhalation.
  • The ACE holding chamber spacer is more effective for this method of drug delivery.
  • Further research is needed to confirm effective nasal-to-lung delivery of therapeutic agents via this route.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship08:25

Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship

Published on: January 8, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs during...
Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings01:29

Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings

Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving technique for managing acute respiratory failure and other respiratory complications. The process involves using a machine known as a ventilator to supply oxygen to the lungs and assist in removing carbon dioxide. It serves as a bridge to long-term mechanical ventilation or a temporary measure until ventilatory support is discontinued. The ventilator can maintain this function for a prolonged period, providing critical support for patients until they can...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...