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Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Thyroid and gastric autoimmune diseases.

S Morel1, A Georges, L Bordenave

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bordeaux, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France.

Annales D'Endocrinologie
|January 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is linked to Biermer's disease (BD). We found intrinsic factor antibodies (IF-Ab) in 3.5% of AITD patients, suggesting a higher prevalence of this gastric autoimmunity.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Published on: March 17, 2023

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) frequently co-occurs with other organ-specific autoimmune conditions.
  • Biermer's disease (BD), an autoimmune gastritis, is characterized by intrinsic factor antibodies (IF-Ab).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of the association between AITD and Biermer's disease (BD).
  • To investigate the prevalence of intrinsic factor antibodies (IF-Ab) in patients diagnosed with AITD.

Main Methods:

  • Sera from 113 patients with AITD (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism) were tested for type I IF-Ab using a competitive automated immunoassay.
  • Sera from 113 patients with dysthyroidism (non-AITD) served as a control group.

Main Results:

  • Four patients with AITD tested positive for IF-Ab, indicating a 3.5% prevalence.
  • Two of the IF-Ab positive patients had diagnosed BD, and two others had a strong suspicion of BD.
  • All control patients without AITD tested negative for IF-Ab; low vitamin B12 levels were common across etiologies.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of IF-Ab is significantly higher in patients with AITD compared to controls.
  • Further prospective studies are needed to explore the impact of thyroid dysfunction treatment on vitamin B12 levels.
  • The clinical utility of routine screening for gastric autoimmunity in AITD patients requires further investigation.