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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy from Single Molecules for Characterizing Local Flexibility in Biomolecules
Published on: April 25, 2025
Heterogeneity of fluorescence determined by the method of area-normalized time-resolved emission spectroscopy
1Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India.
Abstract:
Heterogeneity of fluorescence due to multiple fluorophores or emitter species is a common problem in using fluorescent molecules to probe the structure, dynamics, and properties of microheterogeneous media (micelles, membranes, proteins, etc.) and biological media. Time-resolved emission spectra (TRES) and area-normalized TRES (TRANES) are useful to identify unambiguously emission from a single species (homogeneity) and emission from two species (dual emission). The features in TRANES spectra that are characteristic of solvation dynamics associated with single species and two species, and many other cases are also described.
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