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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice
07:55

Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice

Published on: August 4, 2011

Primary optic nerve tumours.

Helmut Wilhelm1

  • 1Department für Augenheilkunde, Universität Tübingen, Augenklinik, Tubingen, Germany. helmut.wilhelm@med.uni-tuebingen.de

Current Opinion in Neurology
|January 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Treatment for optic nerve tumors is advancing, with radiotherapy showing promise for meningiomas and chemotherapy preferred for pediatric gliomas. Management requires individualized plans based on tumor type and patient factors.

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Partial Optic Nerve Transection in Rats: A Model Established with a New Operative Approach to Assess Secondary Degeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells
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Partial Optic Nerve Transection in Rats: A Model Established with a New Operative Approach to Assess Secondary Degeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Published on: October 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice
07:55

Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice

Published on: August 4, 2011

Partial Optic Nerve Transection in Rats: A Model Established with a New Operative Approach to Assess Secondary Degeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells
13:12

Partial Optic Nerve Transection in Rats: A Model Established with a New Operative Approach to Assess Secondary Degeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Published on: October 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuro-oncology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Primary optic nerve tumors encompass a range of neoplastic conditions affecting the optic nerve.
  • Recent advancements focus on refining treatment strategies for optic nerve glioma and meningioma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent publications (last few years) on the treatment of primary optic nerve tumors.
  • To develop recommendations for the clinical management of these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications on optic nerve tumors.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for optic nerve glioma and meningioma.

Main Results:

  • Low-grade optic nerve glioma management presents divergent approaches due to toxicity concerns versus improved radiotherapy and chemotherapy efficacy.
  • Radiotherapy demonstrates significant benefits for optic nerve meningioma, often preserving or improving visual function, establishing it as a preferred treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment for optic nerve glioma requires individualized plans, with chemotherapy favored for children under 9 and those with neurofibromatosis 1.
  • Multifractionated stereotactic conformal radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for progressive optic nerve meningioma with preserved visual function.