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Related Concept Videos

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.
Male Sexual Response: Erection & Ejaculation01:17

Male Sexual Response: Erection & Ejaculation

Sexual stimulation can take various forms, such as physical touch and visual or auditory cues. When this happens, the parasympathetic reflex in the sacral portion of the spinal cord is activated. This reflex stimulates the release of nitric oxide (NO), which then dilates the arterioles in the penis, increasing blood flow to the erectile tissues - the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.
The blood filling the erectile tissues compresses the veins, which helps to prevent blood from leaving...
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration
08:49

Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration

Published on: May 11, 2016

[Andrological testosterone replacement therapy].

U Paasch1, H-J Glander, J-U Stolzenburg

  • 1Weiterbildungszentrum der European Academy of Andrology, Campus Leipzig, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie der Universität Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 23-25, 04103 Leipzig. uwe.paasch@medizin.uni-leipzig.de

Der Urologe. Ausg. A
|January 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Male hypogonadism, or low testosterone, affects many men but is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Testosterone replacement therapy is available but requires careful screening due to potential risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Andrology
  • Men's Health

Context:

  • Male hypogonadism is a condition of decreased testicular function, primarily testosterone deficiency.
  • Prevalence increases with age but can occur at any life stage.
  • Clinical symptoms manifest due to testosterone deficiency, yet only 10% receive adequate treatment.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the characteristics and prevalence of male hypogonadism.
  • To discuss available testosterone replacement therapies.
  • To emphasize the importance of screening and contraindications for treatment.

Summary:

  • Male hypogonadism involves reduced testosterone production, leading to various symptoms.
  • Various testosterone formulations exist, including intramuscular, transcutaneous, sublingual, and oral.
  • Treatment is contraindicated in specific conditions like prostate cancer, severe heart failure, and untreated sleep apnea.

Impact:

  • Increases awareness of male hypogonadism and its underdiagnosis.
  • Provides an overview of treatment options and their administration routes.
  • Stresses the necessity of clinical and laboratory screening for safe and effective testosterone substitution therapy.