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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Multimodal Nonlinear Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging Using Line-Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy
Published on: December 1, 2023
Atomic-resolution spectroscopic imaging: past, present and future
Stephen J Pennycook1, Maria Varela, Andrew R Lupini
1Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6030, USA. pennycooksj@ornl.gov
Abstract:
This review examines the development of atomically resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy from the first demonstration of plane-by-plane compositional profiling, through column-by-column spectroscopy to full two-dimensional and potentially three-dimensional spectroscopic imaging. Examples will be presented to highlight the increasing analytical sensitivity and image contrast obtained through each generation of aberration correction, moving towards the ultimate goal of mapping electronic structure inside materials with atomic resolution.
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