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The Retina

The Retina

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted With a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis

Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted With a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis

Published on: August 2, 2013

Retinal prosthesis phosphene shape analysis.

D Nanduri¹, M S Humayun, R J Greenberg

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. nanduri@usc.edu

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

|January 24, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Electrical stimulation of the retina via a retinal prosthesis system creates repeatable phosphene shapes. Increasing stimulation amplitude significantly alters phosphene size and shape, offering insights for visual restoration.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Neuroscience
Ophthalmology

Background:

Development of retinal prosthesis systems aims to restore vision in blind individuals.
These systems bypass damaged photoreceptors, stimulating retinal ganglion cells directly.
The technology is analogous to cochlear implants for hearing restoration.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of stimulation amplitude on phosphene shape and repeatability.
To quantify psychophysical data from subjects implanted with a retinal prosthesis.
To understand the relationship between electrical stimulation parameters and visual percepts.

Main Methods:

Psychophysical testing was conducted on six subjects with a 4x4 electrode array retinal prosthesis.
Phosphene shape was quantified using numerical descriptors derived from image moments.
Repeatability was assessed by comparing phosphene descriptors across repeated trials and amplitude levels.

Main Results:

Retinal stimulation reliably produced repeatable phosphene shapes.
Increased stimulation amplitude led to significant changes in phosphene size.
Phosphene shape also varied significantly with increasing stimulation amplitude.

Conclusions:

The retinal prosthesis system demonstrates the ability to generate consistent visual percepts (phosphenes).
Stimulation amplitude is a critical parameter influencing the characteristics of electrically evoked visual percepts.
Findings provide valuable data for optimizing retinal prosthesis design for effective visual restoration.