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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
09:04

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Published on: March 15, 2016

Vascular endothelial growth factor.

Napoleone Ferrara1

  • 1Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. nf@gene.com

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|January 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) discovery faced challenges, but its crucial role in blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) was uncovered. This review details early research into VEGF

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis.
  • Dysregulation of VEGF is implicated in diseases like cancer and macular degeneration.
  • VEGF inhibitors are FDA-approved for treating advanced cancers and neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Observation:

  • The discovery of VEGF involved overcoming significant scientific hurdles.
  • Early research focused on understanding VEGF's fundamental role in blood vessel development.
  • Elucidating VEGF's function was critical for therapeutic advancements.

Findings:

  • VEGF's pivotal role in both normal and abnormal angiogenesis is well-established.
  • The identification of VEGF paved the way for targeted therapies.
  • Understanding VEGF's regulatory mechanisms is essential for disease treatment.

Implications:

  • The discovery of VEGF has revolutionized the treatment of angiogenesis-driven diseases.
  • Further research into VEGF pathways may yield novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting VEGF remains a cornerstone in oncology and ophthalmology.