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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Lateral Molar Approach-Driven Transoral Endoscopic Procedure for Benign Infratemporal Fossa Tumor Resection
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Published on: August 15, 2025

Transoral approach to CT-guided C2 interventions.

Arra S Reddy1, Diane Dinobile, Juan E Orgeta

  • 1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. sreddy1@bidmc.harvard.edu

Pain Physician
|January 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Computed Tomography (CT)-guided transoral biopsies of C2 lesions offer a safe and precise approach. This study details the first series of CT-guided transoral biopsies for C2 lesions, demonstrating successful outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Interventional Radiology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • C2 lesions present unique surgical challenges due to their anatomical location.
  • The transoral approach is established for C2 vertebroplasty but less documented for biopsies.
  • Existing transoral biopsies for C2 lesions primarily utilized fluoroscopic guidance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the initial experience with CT-guided transoral biopsies of C2 lesions.
  • To assess the safety, efficacy, and relative advantages/disadvantages of this technique.

Main Methods:

  • A series of 5 procedures were performed, including 4 CT-guided transoral biopsies of C2 lesions.
  • Procedures were conducted under general anesthesia with precautions against infection and hemorrhage.
  • One prior vertebroplasty using the transoral approach was also noted.

Main Results:

  • All biopsies were technically successful with no immediate or follow-up complications.
  • The transoral approach was well-tolerated by all patients.
  • A biopsy yield of 50% was observed, potentially influenced by needle size.

Conclusions:

  • CT-guided transoral biopsy is a direct, safe, and precise method for C2 lesions.
  • The technique is feasible when appropriate precautions are implemented.
  • This approach expands the utility of minimally invasive procedures for C2 pathology.