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Related Concept Videos

Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...
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Interpersonal relationships progress through stages, beginning with awareness and moving toward mutuality, where emotional connections deepen. While many relationships remain at moderate levels of mutuality, deeper connections form through self-disclosure, trust, and interdependence.Self-DisclosureSelf-disclosure involves revealing personal information, starting with surface-level details and gradually progressing to more intimate content. As trust grows, individuals feel more comfortable...
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Ending Relationships

The dissolution of intimate relationships presents complex emotional and psychological challenges, particularly when emotional bonds are strong, the relationship is long-standing, and perceived alternatives are limited. This distress often intensifies in romantic breakups, where the initiator may experience greater turmoil than the rejected partner. Contributing factors include residual attachment, guilt over causing pain, and uncertainty about how to manage the situation. The stress is further...
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Weak Base Solutions

Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community
08:53

Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community

Published on: May 31, 2019

WITHDRAWN: The weakest link?

Hazel Thornton1

  • 1Honorary Visiting Fellow, University of Leicester, Department of Health Sciences, 31 Regent Street, Rowhedge, Colchester, Essex CO5 7EA, United Kingdom.

International Journal of Surgery (London, England)
|January 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article is a duplicate and has been withdrawn. It is not a new publication and should not be cited.

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Area of Science:

  • Scientific publishing ethics
  • Retracted publications

Background:

  • Accidental duplication of published content can occur in scientific journals.
  • Ensuring the integrity of the scientific record is paramount.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To notify readers and the scientific community about a withdrawn article.
  • To maintain accurate citation practices and prevent the dissemination of duplicate content.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of duplicate publication through internal review.
  • Formal process of article withdrawal by the publisher.

Main Results:

  • The article identified is an accidental duplication of a previously published work.
  • The duplicate article has been officially withdrawn by the publisher.

Conclusions:

  • Duplicate publications undermine scientific integrity and require immediate withdrawal.
  • Readers should refer to the original publication and disregard the withdrawn article.