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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus.
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation
08:56

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: September 24, 2021

Progressive atrial lead perforation developed 5 years after pacemaker replacement.

Kenji Sadamatsu1, Naofumi Enomoto, Miyako Tsuji

  • 1Department of Cardiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan. k-sadamatsu@umin.ac.jp

Journal of Cardiology
|January 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

A pacemaker atrial lead perforated 5 years after implantation, initially asymptomatic. Progressive protrusion and pacing failure led to surgical removal, highlighting the need for awareness of delayed lead perforation complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Device Complications
  • Implantable Electronic Devices

Background:

  • Pacemaker implantation is a common procedure for managing cardiac rhythm disorders.
  • Atrial lead perforation is a rare but serious complication.
  • Early detection and management are crucial for patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • An asymptomatic patient presented with atrial lead perforation 5 years post-pacemaker implantation.
  • Computed tomography revealed perforation occurred 9 months after implantation.
  • Lead protrusion and pacing failure were noted 4 years after the initial perforation.

Findings:

  • The perforated atrial lead showed progressive protrusion over time.
  • Conservative management was initially attempted but ultimately unsuccessful.
  • Open surgery was required for lead removal due to progressive perforation.

Implications:

  • Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for delayed atrial lead perforation.
  • Serial imaging may be necessary to monitor for progressive lead protrusion.
  • Awareness of this complication is vital for preventing adverse events in pacemaker patients.