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Phylogeny, classification and evolutionary insights into pestiviruses.

Lihong Liu1, Hongyan Xia, Niklas Wahlberg

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden. Lihong.Liu@bvf.slu.se

Virology
|January 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study proposes a new classification for pestiviruses based on molecular data, identifying nine distinct species. This research clarifies the evolutionary history and relationships within the Pestivirus genus.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Phylogenetics

Background:

  • The genus Pestivirus includes established species like Bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDV-1, BVDV-2), Border disease virus (BDV), and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV).
  • Recent discoveries of novel pestiviruses necessitate a re-evaluation of their classification and evolutionary relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a reliable molecular phylogeny for pestivirus classification.
  • To resolve the evolutionary history and propose an updated classification for the Pestivirus genus.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a molecular dataset comprising 56 pestiviruses and 2089 characters.
  • Inclusion of 5'UTR, complete N(pro), and E2 gene regions for phylogenetic analysis.
  • Utilized Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian approaches to infer evolutionary relationships.

Main Results:

  • An identical and robust tree topology was consistently inferred by both analytical methods.
  • Identified seven well-supported monophyletic clades and two highly divergent lineages within the analyzed pestiviruses.
  • Estimated the divergence times of major pestivirus lineages, revealing their evolutionary histories.

Conclusions:

  • A new classification proposal for pestiviruses into nine species is presented, including BVDV-1, BVDV-2, BVDV-3, Pestivirus of giraffe, CSFV, BDV, Tunisian sheep virus (TSV), Antelope, and Bungowannah.
  • The study provides a robust phylogenetic framework for understanding pestivirus diversity and evolution.
  • This revised classification aids in future research and diagnostic efforts concerning pestiviruses.