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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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Giant cell arteritis in Alaska Natives.

Thomas H Mader1, Robert P Werner, David G Chamberlain

  • 1Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, Alaska, USA. thmader@anmc.org

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. Journal Canadien D'Ophtalmologie
|January 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Giant cell arteritis incidence is very low in Alaska Natives. This study found only three biopsy-proven cases among over 110,000 patients, suggesting a rare occurrence of this condition in this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Epidemiology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis affecting large and medium arteries.
  • Previous studies have not extensively documented GCA incidence in the Alaska Native population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) in the Alaska Native population.
  • To compare GCA rates in Alaska Natives to global epidemiological data.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical diagnostic codes and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for 110,000 Alaska Native patients between 1983 and 2003.
  • Re-examination of positive temporal artery biopsy specimens to confirm diagnosis based on current pathological criteria.

Main Results:

  • 122 patients had diagnostic codes matching GCA, temporal arteritis, or anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
  • Only 3 cases of biopsy-proven GCA were confirmed after pathological review.
  • The incidence of GCA in Alaska Natives over 50 years old was approximately 1/100,000.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis is notably low among Alaska Natives.
  • Findings suggest a significantly lower GCA prevalence in this population compared to worldwide studies.