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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Aerospace Medicine
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Spaceflight poses risks to astronaut eye health, with dry eye symptoms frequently reported.
    • Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in ocular surface inflammation and tissue remodeling on Earth, particularly in dry eye disease.
    • This review examines the potential role of MMPs in spaceflight-related ocular conditions like dry eye and neuro-ocular syndrome.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the potential role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in ocular conditions experienced by astronauts.
    • To investigate how spaceflight factors may influence MMP expression and function in the eye.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature search of PubMed, MedLine, Embase, and Central databases.
    • Inclusion of studies on matrix metalloproteinases and spaceflight from inception to April 2025.

    Main Results:

    • Limited direct tear MMP measurements exist for spaceflight.
    • Indirect evidence suggests microgravity, radiation, and inflammation may increase MMP expression, affecting epithelial barriers and wound healing.
    • Rodent models and simulated microgravity support mechanosensitive MMP regulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Tear MMPs could serve as accessible biomarkers for astronaut ocular and systemic changes.
    • Understanding MMPs in spaceflight is crucial for developing strategies to maintain astronaut vision on long missions.