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Updated: Jun 26, 2026
An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
Published on: January 27, 2010
Mood and attitude predict pain outcomes following arthroscopic knee surgery
Patricia H Rosenberger1, Robert Kerns, Peter Jokl
1VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, Psychology 116B, West Haven, CT 06516, USA. patricia.rosenberger@va.gov
Background:
Decreased pain represents a clinically important outcome following arthroscopic knee surgery. However, little is known about preoperative mood and attitudinal factors and their potential relationship with pain outcomes.
Purpose:
This prospective, longitudinal study investigated the influence of preoperative depression, stress, and optimism on pain severity and interference with functioning, controlling for relevant demographic and clinical factors 1 year postoperatively.
Methods:
Participants (N = 180, mean age = 48.2 years) completed scales assessing pain severity and interference both preoperatively and postoperatively. Demographics, depression, stress, optimism, and body mass index were assessed preoperatively. Physicians assessed extent of knee osteoarthritis during surgery.
Results:
Hierarchical regression analyses controlling for relevant demographic and clinical variables revealed that optimism and stress were significant predictors of pain severity at 1 year but not pain interference. Extent of osteoarthritis predicted pain interference.
Conclusions:
These findings support that optimism and stress are important predictors of patient-rated pain severity. They do not, however, predict the extent to which pain interferes with daily functioning.