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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells
13:58

Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells

Published on: July 29, 2015

Human iPS cell derivation/reprogramming.

In-Hyun Park1, George Q Daley

  • 1Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Current Protocols in Stem Cell Biology
|January 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a method for creating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human fibroblasts using specific transcription factors. The resulting iPS cells exhibit characteristics similar to human embryonic stem (hES) cells, including pluripotency gene expression and differentiation potential.

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Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus
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Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method
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Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Published on: January 19, 2020

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

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Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells

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Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method
10:52

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Published on: January 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells offer a renewable source of patient-specific pluripotent cells.
  • Reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency bypasses ethical concerns associated with embryonic stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a reliable protocol for deriving human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from adult fibroblast cells.
  • To characterize the pluripotency and differentiation potential of the generated iPS cells.

Main Methods:

  • Human fibroblast cells were infected with retroviral vectors encoding Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc.
  • Cells were cultured under human embryonic stem (hES) cell conditions for 3-4 weeks.
  • iPS cell colonies were mechanically isolated and further cultured.

Main Results:

  • Successfully derived induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell colonies from human fibroblasts.
  • The generated iPS cells expressed key pluripotency markers.
  • In vitro differentiation into embryoid bodies (EB) demonstrated potential to form three germ layers.
  • In vivo teratoma formation confirmed pluripotency and differentiation capacity.

Conclusions:

  • The described protocol provides a method for generating patient-specific iPS cells.
  • These iPS cells hold potential for regenerative medicine and disease modeling.
  • The generated iPS cells share key characteristics with human embryonic stem cells.