Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 26, 2026

09:24
A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
Published on: January 28, 2020
Aerobic potential, stroke parameters, and coordination in swimming front-crawl performance
Patrick Palayo1, Morgan Alberty, Michel Sidney
1Human Movement Studies Laboratory, University of Lille 2, France.
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
|January 28, 2009
Summary
This review examines aerobic potential and exercise intensity in swimming, analyzing stroke mechanics and arm coordination during intense swims to optimize training programs and understand technical adaptations.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Swimming Performance
Background:
- Accurate definition of exercise-intensity domains is crucial for optimizing swimming training programs.
- Understanding the physiological underpinnings of these domains enhances training evaluation.
- Recent research explores novel aspects of swimming performance under physical stress.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review recent studies on aerobic potential and exercise-intensity domains in swimming.
- Analyze changes in stroke rate and stroke length during exhaustive swims relative to intensity domains.
- Introduce current research on arm coordination to understand technical adaptations under stress.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent swimming studies.
- Analysis of stroke rate and stroke length data during exhaustive swimming.
- Synthesis of research on arm coordination in swimming.
Main Results:
- Identified key findings in aerobic potential assessment and exercise-intensity domain establishment.
- Observed changes in stroke mechanics related to swimming intensity.
- Highlighted new insights into arm coordination and technical adaptations.
Conclusions:
- Accurate exercise-intensity domains are vital for effective swimming training.
- Stroke mechanics and arm coordination are significantly influenced by swimming intensity.
- Further research on these areas can optimize swimmer performance and training strategies.
Related Concept Videos
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume
Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac output averages...
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac output averages...
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Regulation of Stroke Volume
The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Exercise and Cardiac Output
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...

