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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

8.0K
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect01:13

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect

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Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

2.2K
The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
1.6K
Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

8.0K
This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments
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Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry.

Zeland Muccio1, Glen P Jackson

  • 1Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 175 Clippinger Laboratories, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA.

The Analyst
|January 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) uses elemental isotope ratios to trace the origins of organic substances. Recent advancements enhance its application in food authentication, wildlife studies, and forensic science.

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) is a key technique for determining the geographic, chemical, and biological origins of substances.
  • Elemental isotope ratios (e.g., C, H, O, S, N) vary based on kinetic and thermodynamic factors, enabling differentiation of chemically identical samples.
  • Advances in IRMS instrumentation and sample introduction methods (combustion, chromatography) have expanded its analytical capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) instrumentation and applications.
  • To highlight the impact of IRMS in analyzing lighter elements within organic sources.
  • To showcase novel applications of IRMS in diverse fields.

Main Methods:

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  • Utilizing relative isotopic abundances of elements like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen.
  • Employing combustion for bulk isotopic analysis.
  • Applying gas and liquid chromatography for real-time isotopic analysis of specific compounds.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated IRMS's capability to authenticate organic food produce.
  • Showcased IRMS in investigating wildlife behavior, such as crop raiding by elephants.
  • Highlighted IRMS's effectiveness in forensic investigations for linking samples to their origin.

Conclusions:

  • IRMS is a powerful and rapidly growing field with significant impact across various scientific disciplines.
  • Recent innovations have broadened the scope and precision of IRMS analysis.
  • The technique offers unique insights into the origins and provenance of organic materials.