Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Abundance, Diet and Foraging of Galápagos Barn Owls (<i>Tyto furcata punctatissima</i>).

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2025
Same author

Interaction of barn owl leading edge serrations with freestream turbulence.

Bioinspiration & biomimetics·2024
Same author

Model organisms and systems in neuroethology: one hundred years of history and a look into the future.

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology·2024
Same author

A Comparison of Aerodynamic Parameters in Two Subspecies of the American Barn Owl (<i>Tyto furcata</i>).

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2022
Same author

Development of the horizontal optocollic reflex in juvenile barn owls (Tyto furcata pratincola).

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology·2022
Same author

Optocollic responses in adult barn owls (Tyto furcata).

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes
13:53

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Published on: December 19, 2020

The immunogenicity of CpG-antigen conjugates.

Hermann Wagner1

  • 1Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Germany. h.wagner@lrz.tum.de

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|January 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Enhancing split vaccines involves delivering antigens and Toll-like Receptor (TLR) ligands to dendritic cells (DCs). Biodegradable microspheres (MP) effectively deliver these components, improving vaccine immunogenicity for robust T cell immunity.

More Related Videos

Chemical Conjugation of a Purified DEC-205-Directed Antibody with Full-Length Protein for Targeting Mouse Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
10:35

Chemical Conjugation of a Purified DEC-205-Directed Antibody with Full-Length Protein for Targeting Mouse Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 5, 2021

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
13:36

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes
13:53

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Published on: December 19, 2020

Chemical Conjugation of a Purified DEC-205-Directed Antibody with Full-Length Protein for Targeting Mouse Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
10:35

Chemical Conjugation of a Purified DEC-205-Directed Antibody with Full-Length Protein for Targeting Mouse Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 5, 2021

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
13:36

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Published on: May 6, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Split vaccines exhibit poor immunogenicity due to insufficient exogenous antigen (Ag) access to the MHC class I pathway for cross-presentation.
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for initiating adaptive immune responses, particularly T cell activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate methods for enhancing the immunogenicity of exogeneous antigens (Ag) in split vaccines.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of targeting Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) within dendritic cell endosomes for improved vaccine responses.

Main Methods:

  • Co-delivery of exogenous antigens (Ag) with Toll-like Receptor (TLR) ligands to dendritic cell (DC) endosomes.
  • Utilized two strategies: crosslinking Ag with CpG-Oligonucleotides (CpG-Ag conjugates) and co-encapsulation in biodegradable microspheres (MP).
  • Assessed the induction of MHC class I-restricted CD8 T effector cell responses and CD4 T cell immunity.

Main Results:

  • Both CpG-Ag conjugates and MP delivery strategies successfully induced effective cross-priming of MHC class I-restricted CD8 T effector cells.
  • Biodegradable microspheres (MP) demonstrated broad applicability as an endosomal delivery system for T cell immunity.
  • Functional inactivation of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells was observed to further enhance split vaccine immunogenicity.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting endosomal Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) with exogenous antigens (Ag) significantly boosts vaccine immunogenicity, comparable to live vaccines.
  • Biodegradable microspheres (MP) represent a promising platform for developing effective CD4 and CD8 T cell-based vaccines.
  • Strategies to modulate regulatory T cells can further optimize vaccine efficacy.