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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.

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Related Experiment Video

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Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
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Published on: October 13, 2023

Connectivity-based parcellation of human cingulate cortex and its relation to functional specialization.

Matthias Beckmann1, Heidi Johansen-Berg, Matthew F S Rushworth

  • 1Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|January 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study maps human cingulate cortex connectivity and function. Magnetic resonance diffusion tractography reveals distinct subregions, linking anatomical connections to functional specialization.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Brain Imaging
  • Connectomics

Background:

  • Human cingulate cortex exhibits regional functional variations.
  • Animal models show regional differences in cingulate anatomical connections.
  • Linking human cingulate connectivity to function remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate cingulate probabilistic anatomical connectivity in the human brain.
  • Identify distinct subregions within the cingulate cortex based on connectivity profiles.
  • Relate regional cingulate connectivity to functional specialization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized magnetic resonance diffusion tractography for whole-brain probabilistic connectivity analysis.
  • Employed an algorithm to identify regional variations in cingulate cortex connectivity profiles.
  • Performed a meta-analysis of 171 functional neuroimaging studies on cingulate activation.

Main Results:

  • Identified nine distinct subregions within the cingulate cortex based on unique connectivity profiles.
  • Characterized specific connectivity patterns in dorsal cingulate sulcal, subgenual, and perigenual regions.
  • Found that regional functional specialization correlates with probabilistic anatomical connectivity differences.

Conclusions:

  • The human cingulate cortex is organized into functionally specialized subregions defined by distinct anatomical connectivity.
  • Probabilistic diffusion tractography is effective in mapping human cingulate cortex connectivity.
  • This study provides a framework for understanding the relationship between brain structure and function in the cingulate cortex.