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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae01:29

Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae

The phylum Chlamydiae or Chlamydiota is composed of a single order, Chlamydiales. This phylum consists entirely of obligate intracellular parasites that infect eukaryotic hosts. While human pathogens within this group have been studied extensively, the phylum encompasses many species capable of interacting with various eukaryotic organisms. Members of Chlamydiae are typically small cocci, approximately 0.5 μm in diameter, and exhibit a distinctive developmental cycle. As is characteristic of...
Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis
09:03

Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis

Published on: October 23, 2013

[Non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis].

Takashi Deguchi1, Mitsuru Yasuda, Shin-ichi Maeda

  • 1Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|January 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) can be caused by Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Effective treatment of NGU requires antimicrobial agents targeting M. genitalium to prevent persistent urethritis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis
09:03

Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis

Published on: October 23, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a common condition with multiple causative agents.
  • Chlamydia trachomatis is a primary cause, but other microorganisms are increasingly implicated.
  • Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum (biovar 2) are recognized as significant pathogens in non-chlamydial NGU.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the role of Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU).
  • To evaluate the clinical presentation and antimicrobial susceptibility of NGU caused by these pathogens.
  • To emphasize the importance of eradicating M. genitalium for successful NGU management.

Summary:

  • Clinical manifestations of NGU caused by M. genitalium or U. urealyticum are indistinguishable from chlamydial NGU.
  • These Mycoplasma species are susceptible to tetracyclines, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones.
  • Persistent urethritis is linked to the post-treatment presence of M. genitalium, underscoring the need for its complete eradication.

Impact:

  • Highlights the necessity of including M. genitalium and U. urealyticum in the differential diagnosis of NGU.
  • Informs treatment strategies by recommending antimicrobial agents effective against M. genitalium.
  • Emphasizes the critical role of pathogen eradication in preventing recurrent or persistent NGU.