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Related Concept Videos

Peritoneum01:21

Peritoneum

The peritoneum is a vital membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the organs within it. It plays a crucial role in protecting the organs, providing a smooth surface for their movement, and facilitating various physiological processes. Understanding the anatomy and function of the peritoneum is essential for comprehending the complexities of the abdominal region.
Anatomy of the Peritoneum
The peritoneum is divided into two layers: the parietal peritoneum and the visceral...
Ascites01:19

Ascites

DefinitionAscites is the buildup of fluid inside the peritoneal cavity. It occurs when fluid moves out of the vascular system faster than the peritoneal lymphatics can remove it. This fluid shift is most commonly seen in liver cirrhosis but can also appear in several other systemic disorders.EtiologyCirrhosis remains the leading cause of ascites. Other conditions that can contribute include:Heart failureConstrictive pericarditisAbdominal cancersNephrotic syndromeSevere protein–calorie...
Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications01:25

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure01:30

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a procedure that facilitates the exchange of solutes, waste products, electrolytes, and excess fluid between the blood in the peritoneal capillaries and a dialysis solution introduced into the peritoneal cavity.Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)Diffusion: Waste products such as urea and electrolytes move from high concentrations in the blood to low concentrations in the dialysate across the peritoneal membrane. This mechanism is driven by the concentration...
Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice
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A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

Published on: July 20, 2022

[Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis].

Margret Arnadottir1, Fjolnir Elvarson, Olafur Skuli Indridason

  • 1margarn@landspitali

Laeknabladid
|February 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is rising globally in peritoneal dialysis patients. Two Icelandic cases highlight a similar disease course, requiring steroids and surgery for enterolysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a vital treatment for end-stage renal disease.
  • Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a serious complication of PD.
  • Global incidence of EPS appears to be increasing.

Observation:

  • Two recent cases of EPS were diagnosed in Iceland.
  • Both patients had a history of bacterial peritonitis preceding EPS diagnosis.
  • Patients presented with similar clinical courses.

Findings:

  • Steroid therapy was effective in managing the acute phase of EPS.
  • Surgical intervention, specifically enterolysis, was ultimately required for successful treatment.
  • The cumulative incidence of EPS in Iceland was noted to be 1.6%.

Implications:

  • Increased vigilance for EPS in PD patients experiencing peritonitis is warranted.
  • A multimodal treatment approach combining medical and surgical interventions may be necessary for EPS.
  • Further research into the rising incidence and optimal management of EPS is crucial.