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Bifocals in Down Syndrome Study (BiDS): design and baseline visual function.

Krithika Nandakumar1, Susan J Leat

  • 1School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. k2nandak@uwaterloo.ca

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|February 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with Down syndrome (DS) often have reduced accommodation, impacting near vision. This study suggests bifocal correction may improve visual acuity (VA) and benefit these individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Children and young people with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit a high prevalence of reduced accommodation.
  • Bifocal prescription for DS patients is not yet widely accepted, despite potential benefits for visual acuity (VA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of bifocal correction on VA, visual perceptual skills, and early literacy in children with DS and reduced accommodation.
  • To describe the study design and baseline optometric findings.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study design with frequent performance measures was employed.
  • Primary outcomes included early literacy and visual perception skills; secondary outcomes were VA and accommodative function.
  • Participants were followed for 6 months, then prescribed bifocals if necessary, with a further 6-month follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Fourteen participants (aged 8-19 years) with DS were enrolled; 79% required updated distance spectacle prescriptions at baseline.
  • All participants demonstrated reduced accommodation both before and after new single vision spectacles.
  • Near VA showed a significant improvement with new single vision spectacles (p = 0.015).

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms a high prevalence of reduced accommodation in children with DS.
  • Near VA was found to be reduced compared to distance VA in this population.
  • Results suggest that all individuals with DS and reduced accommodation may benefit from bifocal correction.