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Updated: Jun 26, 2026
Magnetic Resonance-Guided Stereotaxy for Infusions to the Pig Brain
Published on: March 31, 2023
MRI protocol for in vivo visualization of the Göttingen minipig brain improves targeting in experimental functional
Frederikke Rosendal1, Michael Pedersen, Ryan Sangill
1Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. frosendal@hotmail.com
Background:
The Göttingen minipig is increasingly used as an animal model in experimental neuroscience as a much needed alternative to non-human primates. Accurate spatial targeting in this species in vivo is challenging, and most clinically available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols do not provide sufficient spatial resolution for this purpose. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop an in vivo pre-operative MRI protocol allowing direct visualization of individual nuclei of major interest in the minipig brain.
Materials And Methods:
Three Göttingen minipigs underwent MRI using an inversion-recovery fast spin-echo sequence that was optimized with regards to the following parameters: inversion time, relaxation time, echo time and spatial and temporal resolution, giving a scan duration acceptable for the tight schedule usually employed in a neurosurgical procedure. The most optimal pulse sequence was applied in 8 Göttingen minipigs and the anatomical structures were identified.
Results And Conclusion:
High-resolution images with excellent contrast were acquired, presenting negligible geometric distortions. Minor flow artifacts from the large neck vessels generated the most prominent artifact. Determination of coordinates necessary in experimental neurosurgery in the Göttingen minipig was considerably improved with this MRI protocol.
