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Isolation and genotyping of potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains from dust sources in Iran
Maryam Niyyati1, Jacob Lorenzo-Morales, Firoozeh Rahimi
1Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
Opportunistic free-living amoebae of the Acanthamoeba genus present genotypes/strains that are causative agents of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), with genotype T4 related to most AK cases worldwide. In order to prove that exposure to dirt and dust could be an important risk factor for contact lens wearers in Iran, 13 strains isolated from dust samples in this area were classified at the genotype level. Results revealed the presence of T4, T5 and T11 genotypes within these samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting the identification of pathogenic genotypes of Acanthamoeba in dust samples in Iran and around the world.
Insights
Dust in Iran harbors Acanthamoeba genotypes T4, T5, and T11, posing a risk for contact lens wearers. This study identifies these pathogenic amoebae in environmental dust, highlighting a potential exposure route for Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Environmental Science
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- Opportunistic free-living amoebae, particularly Acanthamoeba, are known causative agents of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK).
- Genotype T4 is the most prevalent genotype associated with AK globally.
- Environmental exposure, especially to dust, is a suspected risk factor for AK, particularly among contact lens wearers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the presence and genotypes of Acanthamoeba in dust samples from Iran.
- To assess the potential risk of Acanthamoeba exposure from dust for contact lens wearers in the region.
Main Methods:
- Isolation of Acanthamoeba strains from environmental dust samples collected in Iran.
- Genotyping of the isolated Acanthamoeba strains to determine their specific genotypes.
Main Results:
- Thirteen Acanthamoeba strains were successfully isolated from the dust samples.
- The identified genotypes included T4, T5, and T11.
- This represents the first report of pathogenic Acanthamoeba genotypes in Iranian dust.
Conclusions:
- The presence of pathogenic Acanthamoeba genotypes (T4, T5, T11) in Iranian dust samples confirms dust as a potential reservoir.
- Exposure to contaminated dust may be a significant risk factor for Acanthamoeba keratitis in contact lens wearers in Iran.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the transmission dynamics and implement preventive measures.
