[Current problems of immunoprophylaxis of infectious and non-infectious diseases]

Progress in immunology greatly contributed to the understanding of mechanisms of infectious immunity and vaccine action. Moreover, it facilitated the development of new vaccines and vaccination not only of healthy children but also of subjects with health problems and chronic diseases including the use of several vaccines. The number of contraindications could be decreased without a rise in the frequency of post-vaccination complications. Immunoprophylaxis allowed the incidence of controllable infections to be reduced; the level of epidemiologic well-being achieved in the course of this work provided a basis for eradication of some diseases. At the same time, successes of vaccination made mankind dependent on the use of vaccines. As a result, discontinuation of mass vaccination and even temporal decrease of its scale in the absence of certain infections or in the situation of their sporadic occurrence (i.e. the lack of natural immunization) lead to their reappearance. Specific features of modern immunoprophylaxis of infectious and non-infectious pathology and its timetable are described.