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Related Concept Videos

Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:
Patterns of Fever01:26

Patterns of Fever

Before understanding the types and patterns of fever, it is essential to know its phases.
Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay
07:23

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

Published on: June 9, 2011

Fever of unknown origin.

Chantal P Bleeker-Rovers1, Jos W M van der Meer, Wim J G Oyen

  • 1Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. c.bleeker-rovers@aig.umcn.nl

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
|February 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) aids in diagnosing fever of unknown origin (FUO) by detecting malignancy, inflammation, and infection. This advanced imaging technique is becoming the preferred diagnostic tool for challenging FUO cases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay
07:23

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

Published on: June 9, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is defined as prolonged fever without a clear diagnosis after extensive testing.
  • Infections, neoplasms, and inflammatory diseases are common causes, yet up to 50% of FUO cases remain undiagnosed.
  • Conventional scintigraphic methods are employed, but their diagnostic yield can be limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in patients with FUO.
  • To assess the role of FDG-PET in identifying underlying causes of FUO, including malignancy, inflammation, and infection.
  • To explore the benefits of image fusion in improving anatomical localization and guiding further diagnostic steps.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized FDG-PET imaging for diagnosis in patients presenting with FUO.
  • Investigated the effectiveness of FDG-PET in detecting various pathologies.
  • Employed image fusion of PET with computed tomography (CT) for enhanced anatomical correlation.
  • Considered erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in relation to FDG-PET findings.

Main Results:

  • FDG-PET demonstrated significant advantage in detecting malignancy, inflammation, and infection in FUO patients.
  • Image fusion of PET-CT facilitated precise anatomical localization of increased FDG uptake.
  • FDG-PET's diagnostic contribution was limited in patients with normal ESR and CRP levels.
  • The diagnostic yield of FDG-PET supports its role in achieving a final diagnosis when conventional methods fail.

Conclusions:

  • FDG-PET is a valuable tool in the diagnostic workup of FUO, particularly when initial investigations are inconclusive.
  • Image fusion with CT enhances the interpretation of FDG-PET findings, guiding subsequent diagnostic procedures.
  • FDG-PET is emerging as a preferred diagnostic modality for FUO, potentially replacing conventional scintigraphy where available.