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Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

Ligand-stabilized chalcogen dications.

Tristram Chivers1, Jari Konu

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New dicationic rings, C(2)N(2)E(2+), exhibit unique bonding with lone pairs on the chalcogen center. These electrophilic chalcogenium dications show promise as versatile chalcogen-transfer reagents in diverse chemical reactions.

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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • N-heterocyclic carbenes and p-block analogues are well-studied molecular structures.
  • Understanding bonding in novel ring systems is crucial for developing new reagents.
  • Chalcogen chemistry offers opportunities for novel reactivity and synthetic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electronic structure and bonding characteristics of dicationic rings C(2)N(2)E(2+).
  • To explore the potential of these novel compounds as chalcogen-transfer reagents.
  • To compare the bonding in these dications with known N-heterocyclic carbenes and their analogues.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculations to elucidate electronic structure and bonding.
  • Analysis of electron distribution and symmetry on the chalcogen center.
  • Conceptual exploration of reactivity with various substrates.

Main Results:

  • The dicationic rings C(2)N(2)E(2+) feature a unique bonding arrangement.
  • A lone pair of electrons with both pi and sigma symmetry resides on the chalcogen center.
  • These electrophilic chalcogenium dications (E(2+)) are identified as potentially versatile reagents.

Conclusions:

  • The novel bonding in C(2)N(2)E(2+) dications distinguishes them from related systems.
  • The electrophilic nature and unique electronic configuration suggest significant potential as chalcogen-transfer agents.
  • These findings open avenues for new synthetic methodologies in inorganic and organic chemistry.