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Related Concept Videos

Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...
Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
07:38

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

Catechols as membrane anion transporters.

Sofya Kostina Berezin1, Jeffery T Davis

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

An amphiphilic bis-catechol acts as a transmembrane anion transporter, with its activity influenced by chemical structure. A new liposomal assay reveals transport selectivity follows the Hofmeister sequence for anion permeability.

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A Fluorescence-Based Assay of Membrane Potential for High-Throughput Functional Study of Two Endogenous Ion Channels in Two Epithelial Cell Lines
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A Fluorescence-Based Assay of Membrane Potential for High-Throughput Functional Study of Two Endogenous Ion Channels in Two Epithelial Cell Lines

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
07:38

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
07:47

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters

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A Fluorescence-Based Assay of Membrane Potential for High-Throughput Functional Study of Two Endogenous Ion Channels in Two Epithelial Cell Lines
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A Fluorescence-Based Assay of Membrane Potential for High-Throughput Functional Study of Two Endogenous Ion Channels in Two Epithelial Cell Lines

Published on: June 22, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biophysical chemistry
  • Membrane transport
  • Supramolecular chemistry

Background:

  • Transmembrane transport of anions is crucial for biological processes.
  • Developing synthetic molecules for selective anion transport remains a challenge.
  • Understanding structure-activity relationships is key for designing efficient transporters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transmembrane anion transport capabilities of an amphiphilic bis-catechol.
  • To develop and utilize a liposomal assay for measuring anion transport selectivity.
  • To determine the sequence of anion permeability mediated by the bis-catechol.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of an amphiphilic bis-catechol (compound 3).
  • Development of a liposomal assay to monitor anion transport.
  • Analysis of anion transport selectivity based on the Hofmeister series.

Main Results:

  • Compound 3 effectively transports anions across lipid bilayers.
  • Anion transport activity is dependent on the catechol's substitution and amphiphilicity.
  • The liposomal assay demonstrated that transport selectivity follows the Hofmeister sequence, favoring easily dehydratable anions.

Conclusions:

  • Amphiphilic bis-catechols can function as effective transmembrane anion transporters.
  • The developed liposomal assay provides a robust method for evaluating anion transporter selectivity.
  • The observed Hofmeister sequence selectivity offers insights into the mechanism of anion transport by compound 3.