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Engineering Biological-Based Vascular Grafts Using a Pulsatile Bioreactor
11:22

Engineering Biological-Based Vascular Grafts Using a Pulsatile Bioreactor

Published on: June 14, 2011

Pulsatile perfusion bioreactor for cardiac tissue engineering.

Melissa A Brown1, Rohin K Iyer, Milica Radisic

  • 1Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Biotechnology Progress
|February 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulsatile perfusion in cardiac tissue engineering enhances cell function and tissue assembly. This novel bioreactor improves contractile properties and cellular structure for better heart repair patches.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality.
  • Cardiac tissue engineering seeks to create functional heart tissue patches for surgical repair.
  • Previous studies showed perfusion improves engineered cardiac construct assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if pulsatile interstitial medium flow enhances engineered cardiac patch assembly.
  • To test the hypothesis that mechanical conditioning and improved mass transport from pulsatile flow benefit tissue development.
  • To construct and utilize a novel bioreactor for pulsatile perfusion.

Main Methods:

  • A novel perfusion bioreactor was developed to provide pulsatile fluid flow.
  • Engineered cardiac constructs were subjected to pulsatile perfusion (PP) at 1 Hz (1.50 mL/min or 0.32 mL/min) and nonpulsatile flow (NP) controls.
  • Cell populations enriched for cardiomyocytes were used, with controls including cardiac fibroblasts and higher enrichment levels.

Main Results:

  • Pulsatile perfusion (PP) significantly improved contractile properties, including lower excitation threshold and higher contraction amplitude.
  • Pulsatile perfusion at low flow (PP-LF) resulted in a high maximum capture rate and enhanced hypertrophy index.
  • Cardiomyocytes showed increased elongation under PP-LF, and pulsatile flow improved functional properties compared to static or nonpulsatile conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Pulsatile perfusion is a beneficial mechanical stimulus for cardiac tissue engineering.
  • The novel bioreactor effectively delivers physiologically relevant pulsatile flow for enhanced tissue development.
  • This approach holds promise for improving engineered cardiac patches for treating heart disease.