[Peculiarities of synaptic vesicle recycling in frog and mouse motor nerve terminals]

Using electrophysiology and fluorescence microscopy (dye FM1-43), comparative study of neurotransmitter secretion, synaptic vesicle exo-endocytosis, and recycling has been carried out in frog and mouse motor nerve terminals during a long strong stimulation (3 min; 20 imp/s). The obtained data have revealed three synaptic vesicle pools and two recycling ways existing on motor nerve terminals. The strong stimulation induced consecutive depletion of readily releasable, mobilized, and reserve vesicle pools of frog nerve terminals. The exocytosis rate exceeded the endocytosis rate; predominant was the slow synaptic vesicle recycling that replenished the reserve pool. In mouse nerve endings, vesicles of the readily releasable and mobilized pools were only exocytosed, the pools being replenished by fast recycling. At the same time, exo- and endocytosis occurred nearly in parallel and vesicles of the reserve pool did not participate in the neurotransmitter secretion. In is suggested that evolution of motor nerve terminals was directed to a decrease of the vesicle pool size, economic spending, and effective reuse of synaptic vesicles. This is achieved by an increase of endocytosis and recycling rates. These features can provide a long maintenance of a quite level of neurotransmitter secretion in nerve terminals of homoiothermal animals to preserve reliability of synaptic transmission during the high-frequency activity.