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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

Normal and anomalous diffusion in highly confined hard disk fluid mixtures.

C D Ball¹, N D MacWilliam, J K Percus

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada.

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|February 12, 2009

Summary

This study explores particle diffusion in narrow pores. Optimal separation of small and large particles occurs when large particles transition to anomalous diffusion.

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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Confined systems exhibit unique diffusion behaviors.
Single-file diffusion occurs when particles are constrained in one dimension.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate binary mixture diffusion in nanopores.
Understand small particle dynamics influenced by large particle neighbors.

Main Methods:

Monte Carlo simulations of 2D hard disks in narrow pores.
Analysis of particle dynamics, hopping times, and diffusion coefficients.

Main Results:

Small particle hopping time follows a power law with pore radius.
Mean squared displacement shows crossovers from normal to anomalous diffusion.
Diffusion coefficient relates to hopping time via a power law (beta=-0.5).

Conclusions:

Pore radius dictates diffusion regimes for large and small particles.
Optimal particle separation achieved at the transition to anomalous diffusion for large particles.