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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...

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Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
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Human metapneumovirus: a new respiratory pathogen.

S Broor1, P Bharaj, H S Chahar

  • 1Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India. shobha.broor@gmail.com

Journal of Biosciences
|February 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Human metapneumovirus causes acute respiratory tract infections in vulnerable populations. Diagnosis relies on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with vaccine development focusing on the conserved F gene.

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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a significant cause of acute respiratory tract infections (ARI).
  • It affects children, the elderly, and immunocompromised adults globally.
  • hMPV belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, genus Metapneumovirus, with genetic groups A and B.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of human metapneumovirus.
  • To highlight diagnostic methods and challenges.
  • To discuss current vaccine development strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis to characterize viral lineages.
  • Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for diagnosis due to culture difficulties.
  • Analysis of conserved genes for vaccine targets.

Main Results:

  • hMPV is classified into two main groups (A and B) with four sub-lineages.
  • RT-PCR targeting the N and L genes is the preferred diagnostic method.
  • The Fusion (F) gene is highly conserved across lineages.

Conclusions:

  • Human metapneumovirus is a globally distributed respiratory pathogen with seasonal patterns.
  • Effective diagnosis relies on molecular methods like RT-PCR.
  • The conserved F gene presents a promising target for developing a recombinant hMPV vaccine.