Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Conjugated Polymer Semiconductors Enabled Multifunctional Interfacial Engineering for High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Flexible bioelectronic sensors promote the advancement of wearable ultrasound technology in the medicine.

Microsystems & nanoengineering·2026
Same author

Early Feasibility of Registration of Micro-PET/CT Scans to Annotated 3D Specimen Models.

Head & neck·2026
Same author

Higher psychological frailty index is associated with incident cardiometabolic diseases in Chinese adults aged 45 years and older.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Enhancing Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Through Electron-Rich Covalent Organic Frameworks Radicals.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Machine Learning-Enhanced SERS Sensor Using Microgroove Structures for Enriching and Confining Nanoplastics in Localized 3D Hotspots.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same journal

Stability constants of lanthanide-nitrate complexes in aqueous solutions: a theoretical study.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Lead-free Cs<sub>3</sub>MnCl<sub>5</sub> and CsMnCl<sub>3</sub> crystals: rapid on-chip crystallization, phase transition and fluorescence sensing applications.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

F-Interstitial passivation preserves host-like optoelectronic properties in <sup>229</sup>Th:YLF nuclear-clock platforms.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Structural trends of tryptophan dimer: hydrogen bonding <i>versus</i> π-stacking from an energy decomposition analysis perspective.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Achieving high thermoelectric performance in Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>-alloyed GeTe through synergistic optimization of electrical and thermal transport.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Ultraviolet perfect absorption leveraging bound states in the continuum in an Al/SiO<sub>2</sub> hybrid system.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

"H"-shape second order NLO polymers: synthesis and characterization.

Zhong'an Li1, Pan Hu, Gui Yu

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|February 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel "H"-shape nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers were synthesized, showing large second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients up to 90 pm V(-1). One polymer demonstrated promising long-term temporal stability for NLO applications.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are crucial for advanced photonic applications.
  • Developing polymers with high NLO properties and good stability remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel
  • H"-shape and "AB"-type second-order NLO polymers.
  • To investigate the structure-property relationships of these polymers.
  • To evaluate their potential for NLO applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of two
  • H"-shape and one "AB"-type NLO polymers.
  • Characterization of polymer structure and properties.
  • Second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements to determine NLO coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Successful preparation of novel "H"-shape and "AB"-type NLO polymers.
  • "H"-shape polymers exhibited large second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients, with d(33) values up to 90 pm V(-1).
  • One polymer demonstrated good film-forming ability, thermal stability, and relatively good long-term temporal stability.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized "H"-shape NLO polymers show significant potential for photonic applications.
  • Structural modifications can tune the NLO properties and stability.
  • These polymers represent a promising class of materials for nonlinear optics.